PHP Array Introduction
The array functions allow
you to manipulate arrays.
PHP supports both simple
and multi-dimensional
arrays. There are also
specific functions for
populating arrays from
database queries.
Installation
The array functions are
part of the PHP core. There
is no installation needed to
use these functions.
PHP Array Functions
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the function.
|
Function |
Description |
PHP |
|
array() |
Creates an array |
3 |
|
array_change_key_case() |
Returns an array
with all keys in
lowercase or
uppercase |
4 |
|
array_chunk() |
Splits an array into
chunks of arrays |
4 |
|
array_combine() |
Creates an array by
using one array for
keys and another for
its values |
5 |
|
array_count_values() |
Returns an array
with the number of
occurrences for each
value |
4 |
|
array_diff() |
Compares array
values, and returns
the differences |
4 |
|
array_diff_assoc() |
Compares array keys
and values, and
returns the
differences |
4 |
|
array_diff_key() |
Compares array keys,
and returns the
differences |
5 |
|
array_diff_uassoc() |
Compares array keys
and values, with an
additional user-made
function check, and
returns the
differences |
5 |
|
array_diff_ukey() |
Compares array keys,
with an additional
user-made function
check, and returns
the differences |
5 |
|
array_fill() |
Fills an array with
values |
4 |
|
array_filter() |
Filters elements of
an array using a
user-made function |
4 |
|
array_flip() |
Exchanges all keys
with their
associated values in
an array |
4 |
|
array_intersect() |
Compares array
values, and returns
the matches |
4 |
|
array_intersect_assoc() |
Compares array keys
and values, and
returns the matches |
4 |
|
array_intersect_key() |
Compares array keys,
and returns the
matches |
5 |
|
array_intersect_uassoc() |
Compares array keys
and values, with an
additional user-made
function check, and
returns the matches |
5 |
|
array_intersect_ukey() |
Compares array keys,
with an additional
user-made function
check, and returns
the matches |
5 |
|
array_key_exists() |
Checks if the
specified key exists
in the array |
4 |
|
array_keys() |
Returns all the keys
of an array |
4 |
|
array_map() |
Sends each value of
an array to a
user-made function,
which returns new
values |
4 |
|
array_merge() |
Merges one or more
arrays into one
array |
4 |
|
array_merge_recursive() |
Merges one or more
arrays into one
array |
4 |
|
array_multisort() |
Sorts multiple or
multi-dimensional
arrays |
4 |
|
array_pad() |
Inserts a specified
number of items,
with a specified
value, to an array |
4 |
|
array_pop() |
Deletes the last
element of an array |
4 |
|
array_product() |
Calculates the
product of the
values in an array |
5 |
|
array_push() |
Inserts one or more
elements to the end
of an array |
4 |
|
array_rand() |
Returns one or more
random keys from an
array |
4 |
|
array_reduce() |
Returns an array as
a string, using a
user-defined
function |
4 |
|
array_reverse() |
Returns an array in
the reverse order |
4 |
|
array_search() |
Searches an array
for a given value
and returns the key |
4 |
|
array_shift() |
Removes the first
element from an
array, and returns
the value of the
removed element |
4 |
|
array_slice() |
Returns selected
parts of an array |
4 |
|
array_splice() |
Removes and replaces
specified elements
of an array |
4 |
|
array_sum() |
Returns the sum of
the values in an
array |
4 |
|
array_udiff() |
Compares array
values in a
user-made function
and returns an array |
5 |
|
array_udiff_assoc() |
Compares array keys,
and compares array
values in a
user-made function,
and returns an array |
5 |
|
array_udiff_uassoc() |
Compares array keys
and array values in
user-made functions,
and returns an array |
5 |
|
array_uintersect() |
Compares array
values in a
user-made function
and returns an array |
5 |
|
array_uintersect_assoc() |
Compares array keys,
and compares array
values in a
user-made function,
and returns an array |
5 |
|
array_uintersect_uassoc() |
Compares array keys
and array values in
user-made functions,
and returns an array |
5 |
|
array_unique() |
Removes duplicate
values from an array |
4 |
|
array_unshift() |
Adds one or more
elements to the
beginning of an
array |
4 |
|
array_values() |
Returns all the
values of an array |
4 |
|
array_walk() |
Applies a user
function to every
member of an array |
3 |
|
array_walk_recursive() |
Applies a user
function recursively
to every member of
an array |
5 |
|
arsort() |
Sorts an array in
reverse order and
maintain index
association |
3 |
|
asort() |
Sorts an array and
maintain index
association |
3 |
|
compact() |
Create array
containing variables
and their values |
4 |
|
count() |
Counts elements in
an array, or
properties in an
object |
3 |
|
current() |
Returns the current
element in an array |
3 |
|
each() |
Returns the current
key and value pair
from an array |
3 |
|
end() |
Sets the internal
pointer of an array
to its last element |
3 |
|
extract() |
Imports variables
into the current
symbol table from an
array |
3 |
|
in_array() |
Checks if a
specified value
exists in an array |
4 |
|
key() |
Fetches a key from
an array |
3 |
|
krsort() |
Sorts an array by
key in reverse order |
3 |
|
ksort() |
Sorts an array by
key |
3 |
|
list() |
Assigns variables as
if they were an
array |
3 |
|
natcasesort() |
Sorts an array using
a case insensitive
"natural order"
algorithm |
4 |
|
natsort() |
Sorts an array using
a "natural order"
algorithm |
4 |
|
next() |
Advance the internal
array pointer of an
array |
3 |
|
pos() |
Alias of current() |
3 |
|
prev() |
Rewinds the internal
array pointer |
3 |
|
range() |
Creates an array
containing a range
of elements |
3 |
|
reset() |
Sets the internal
pointer of an array
to its first element |
3 |
|
rsort() |
Sorts an array in
reverse order |
3 |
|
shuffle() |
Shuffles an array |
3 |
|
sizeof() |
Alias of count() |
3 |
|
sort() |
Sorts an array |
3 |
|
uasort() |
Sorts an array with
a user-defined
function and
maintain index
association |
3 |
|
uksort() |
Sorts an array by
keys using a
user-defined
function |
3 |
|
usort() |
Sorts an array by
values using a
user-defined
function |
3 |
PHP Array Constants
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the constant.
|
Constant |
Description |
PHP |
|
CASE_LOWER |
Used with
array_change_key_case()
to convert array
keys to lower case |
|
|
CASE_UPPER |
Used with
array_change_key_case()
to convert array
keys to upper case |
|
|
SORT_ASC |
Used with
array_multisort() to
sort in ascending
order |
|
|
SORT_DESC |
Used with
array_multisort() to
sort in descending
order |
|
|
SORT_REGULAR |
Used to compare
items normally |
|
|
SORT_NUMERIC |
Used to compare
items numerically |
|
|
SORT_STRING |
Used to compare
items as strings |
|
|
SORT_LOCALE_STRING |
Used to compare
items as strings,
based on the current
locale |
4 |
|
COUNT_NORMAL |
|
|
|
COUNT_RECURSIVE |
|
|
|
EXTR_OVERWRITE |
|
|
|
EXTR_SKIP |
|
|
|
EXTR_PREFIX_SAME |
|
|
|
EXTR_PREFIX_ALL |
|
|
|
EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID |
|
|
|
EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS |
|
|
|
EXTR_IF_EXISTS |
|
|
|
EXTR_REFS |
|
|
PHP Calendar
Introduction
The calendar functions
are useful when working with
different calendar formats.
The standard it is based on
is the Julian day count
(Julian day count is a count
of days starting from
January 1, 4713 B.C.). Note
that the Julian day count is
not the same as the Julian
calendar!
Note: To convert
between calendar formats,
you must first convert to
Julian day count, then to
the calendar format.
Installation
The windows version of
PHP has built-in support for
the calendar extension. So,
the calendar functions will
work automatically.
However, if you are
running the Linux version of
PHP, you will have to
compile PHP with
--enable-calendar to get
the calendar functions to
work.
PHP Calendar Functions
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the function.
|
Function |
Description |
PHP |
|
cal_days_in_month() |
Returns the number
of days in a month
for a specified year
and calendar |
4 |
|
cal_from_jd() |
Converts a Julian
day count into a
date of a specified
calendar |
4 |
|
cal_info() |
Returns information
about a given
calendar |
4 |
|
cal_to_jd() |
Converts a date to
Julian day count |
4 |
|
easter_date() |
Returns the Unix
timestamp for
midnight on Easter
of a specified year |
3 |
|
easter_days() |
Returns the number
of days after March
21, on which Easter
falls for a
specified year |
3 |
|
FrenchToJD() |
Converts a French
Republican date to a
Julian day count |
3 |
|
GregorianToJD() |
Converts a Gregorian
date to a Julian day
count |
3 |
|
JDDayOfWeek() |
Returns the day of a
week |
3 |
|
JDMonthName() |
Returns a month name |
3 |
|
JDToFrench() |
Converts a Julian
day count to a
French Republican
date |
3 |
|
JDToGregorian() |
Converts a Julian
day count to a
Gregorian date |
3 |
|
jdtojewish() |
Converts a Julian
day count to a
Jewish date |
3 |
|
JDToJulian() |
Converts a Julian
day count to a
Julian date |
3 |
|
jdtounix() |
Converts a Julian
day count to a Unix
timestamp |
4 |
|
JewishToJD() |
Converts a Jewish
date to a Julian day
count |
3 |
|
JulianToJD() |
Converts a Julian
date to a Julian day
count |
3 |
|
unixtojd() |
Converts a Unix
timestamp to a
Julian day count |
4 |
PHP Calendar Constants
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the constant.
|
Constant |
Description |
PHP |
|
CAL_GREGORIAN |
Gregorian calendar |
3 |
|
CAL_JULIAN |
Julian calendar |
3 |
|
CAL_JEWISH |
Jewish calendar |
3 |
|
CAL_FRENCH |
French Republican
calendar |
3 |
|
CAL_NUM_CALS |
|
3 |
|
CAL_DOW_DAYNO |
|
3 |
|
CAL_DOW_SHORT |
|
3 |
|
CAL_DOW_LONG |
|
3 |
|
CAL_MONTH_GREGORIAN_SHORT |
|
3 |
|
CAL_MONTH_GREGORIAN_LONG |
|
3 |
|
CAL_MONTH_JULIAN_SHORT |
|
3 |
|
CAL_MONTH_JULIAN_LONG |
|
3 |
|
CAL_MONTH_JEWISH |
|
3 |
|
CAL_MONTH_FRENCH |
|
3 |
|
CAL_EASTER_DEFAULT |
|
4 |
|
CAL_EASTER_DEFAULT |
|
4 |
|
CAL_EASTER_ROMAN |
|
4 |
|
CAL_EASTER_ALWAYS_GREGORIAN |
|
4 |
|
CAL_EASTER_ALWAYS_JULIAN |
|
4 |
|
CAL_JEWISH_ADD_ALAFIM_GERESH |
|
5 |
|
CAL_JEWISH_ADD_ALAFIM |
|
5 |
|
CAL_JEWISH_ADD_GERESHAYIM |
|
5 |
PHP Date / Time
Introduction
The date/time functions
allow you to extract and
format the date and time on
the server.
Note: These
functions depend on the
locale settings of the
server!
Installation
The date/time functions
are part of the PHP core.
There is no installation
needed to use these
functions.
Runtime Configuration
The behavior of the
date/time functions is
affected by settings in
php.ini.
Date/Time configuration
options:
|
Name |
Default |
Description |
Changeable |
|
date.default_latitude |
"31.7667" |
Specifies the
default latitude
(available since PHP
5). This option is
used by
date_sunrise() and
date_sunset() |
PHP_INI_ALL |
|
date.default_longitude |
"35.2333" |
Specifies the
default longitude
(available since PHP
5). This option is
used by
date_sunrise() and
date_sunset() |
PHP_INI_ALL |
|
date.sunrise_zenith |
"90.83" |
Specifies the
default sunrise
zenith (available
since PHP 5). This
option is used by
date_sunrise() and
date_sunset() |
PHP_INI_ALL |
|
date.sunset_zenith |
"90.83" |
Specifies the
default sunset
zenith (available
since PHP 5). This
option is used by
date_sunrise() and
date_sunset() |
PHP_INI_ALL |
|
date.timezone |
"" |
Specifies the
default timezone
(available since PHP
5.1) |
PHP_INI_ALL |
PHP Date / Time
Functions
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the function.
|
Function |
Description |
PHP |
|
checkdate() |
Validates a
Gregorian date |
3 |
|
date_default_timezone_get() |
Returns the default
time zone |
5 |
|
date_default_timezone_set() |
Sets the default
time zone |
5 |
|
date_sunrise() |
Returns the time of
sunrise for a given
day / location |
5 |
|
date_sunset() |
Returns the time of
sunset for a given
day / location |
5 |
|
date() |
Formats a local
time/date |
3 |
|
getdate() |
Returns an array
that contains date
and time information
for a Unix timestamp |
3 |
|
gettimeofday() |
Returns an array
that contains
current time
information |
3 |
|
gmdate() |
Formats a GMT/UTC
date/time |
3 |
|
gmmktime() |
Returns the Unix
timestamp for a GMT
date |
3 |
|
gmstrftime() |
Formats a GMT/UTC
time/date according
to locale settings |
3 |
|
idate() |
Formats a local
time/date as integer |
5 |
|
localtime() |
Returns an array
that contains the
time components of a
Unix timestamp |
4 |
|
microtime() |
Returns the
microseconds for the
current time |
3 |
|
mktime() |
Returns the Unix
timestamp for a date |
3 |
|
strftime() |
Formats a local
time/date according
to locale settings |
3 |
|
strptime() |
Parses a time/date
generated with
strftime() |
5 |
|
strtotime() |
Parses an English
textual date or time
into a Unix
timestamp |
3 |
|
time() |
Returns the current
time as a Unix
timestamp |
3 |
PHP Date / Time
Constants
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the constant.
|
Constant |
Description |
PHP |
|
DATE_ATOM |
Atom (example:
2005-08-15T16:13:03+0000) |
|
|
DATE_COOKIE |
HTTP Cookies
(example: Sun, 14
Aug 2005 16:13:03
UTC) |
|
|
DATE_ISO8601 |
ISO-8601 (example:
2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000) |
|
|
DATE_RFC822 |
RFC 822 (example:
Sun, 14 Aug 2005
16:13:03 UTC) |
|
|
DATE_RFC850 |
RFC 850 (example:
Sunday, 14-Aug-05
16:13:03 UTC) |
|
|
DATE_RFC1036 |
RFC 1036 (example:
Sunday, 14-Aug-05
16:13:03 UTC) |
|
|
DATE_RFC1123 |
RFC 1123 (example:
Sun, 14 Aug 2005
16:13:03 UTC) |
|
|
DATE_RFC2822 |
RFC 2822 (Sun, 14
Aug 2005 16:13:03
+0000) |
|
|
DATE_RSS |
RSS (Sun, 14 Aug
2005 16:13:03 UTC) |
|
|
DATE_. |
World Wide Web
(example:
2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000) |
|
PHP Directory
Introduction
The directory functions
allow you to retrieve
information about
directories and their
contents.
Installation
The directory functions
are part of the PHP core.
There is no installation
needed to use these
functions.
PHP Directory Functions
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the function.
|
Function |
Description |
PHP |
|
chdir() |
Changes the current
directory |
3 |
|
chroot() |
Changes the root
directory of the
current process |
4 |
|
dir() |
Opens a directory
handle and returns
an object |
3 |
|
closedir() |
Closes a directory
handle |
3 |
|
getcwd() |
Returns the current
directory |
4 |
|
opendir() |
Opens a directory
handle |
3 |
|
readdir() |
Returns an entry
from a directory
handle |
3 |
|
rewinddir() |
Resets a directory
handle |
3 |
|
scandir() |
Lists files and
directories inside a
specified path |
5 |
PHP Directory Constants
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the constant.
|
Constant |
Description |
PHP |
|
DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR |
|
3 |
|
PATH_SEPARATOR |
|
4 |
PHP Error and Logging
Introduction
The error and logging
functions allows error
handling and logging.
The error functions allow
users to define error
handling rules, and modify
the way the errors can be
logged.
The logging functions
allow users to log
applications and send log
messages to email, system
logs or other machines.
Installation
The error and logging
functions are part of the
PHP core. There is no
installation needed to use
these functions.
PHP Error and Logging
Functions
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the function.
|
Function |
Description |
PHP |
|
debug_backtrace() |
Generates a
backtrace |
4 |
|
debug_print_backtrace() |
Prints a backtrace |
5 |
|
error_get_last() |
Gets the last error
occurred |
5 |
|
error_log() |
Sends an error to
the server
error-log, to a file
or to a remote
destination |
4 |
|
error_reporting() |
Specifies which
errors are reported |
4 |
|
restore_error_handler() |
Restores the
previous error
handler |
4 |
|
restore_exception_handler() |
Restores the
previous exception
handler |
5 |
|
set_error_handler() |
Sets a user-defined
function to handle
errors |
4 |
|
set_exception_handler() |
Sets a user-defined
function to handle
exceptions |
5 |
|
trigger_error() |
Creates a
user-defined error
message |
4 |
|
user_error() |
Alias of
trigger_error() |
4 |
PHP Error and Logging
Constants
PHP: indicates the
earliest version of PHP that
supports the constant.
|
Value |
Constant |
Description |
PHP |
|
1 |
E_ERROR |
Fatal run-time
errors. Errors that
cannot be recovered
from. Execution of
the script is halted |
|
|
2 |
E_WARNING |
Non-fatal run-time
errors. Execution of
the script is not
halted |
|
|
4 |
E_PARSE |
Compile-time parse
errors. Parse errors
should only be
generated by the
parser |
|
|
8 |
E_NOTICE |
Run-time notices.
The script found
something that might
be an error, but
could also happen
when running a
script normally |
|
|
16 |
E_CORE_ERROR |
Fatal errors at PHP
startup. This is
like an E_ERROR in
the PHP core |
4 |
|
32 |
E_CORE_WARNING |
Non-fatal errors at
PHP startup. This is
like an E_WARNING in
the PHP core |
4 |
|
64 |
E_COMPILE_ERROR |
Fatal compile-time
errors. This is like
an E_ERROR generated
by the Zend
Scripting Engine |
4 |
|
128 |
E_COMPILE_WARNING |
Non-fatal
compile-time errors.
This is like an
E_WARNING generated
by the Zend
Scripting Engine |
4 |
|
256 |
E_USER_ERROR |
Fatal user-generated
error. This is like
an E_ERROR set by
the programmer using
the PHP function
trigger_error() |
4 |
|
512 |
E_USER_WARNING |
Non-fatal
user-generated
warning. This is
like an E_WARNING
set by the
programmer using the
PHP function
trigger_error() |
4 |
|
1024 |
E_USER_NOTICE |
User-generated
notice. This is like
an E_NOTICE set by
the programmer using
the PHP function
trigger_error() |
4 |
|
2048 |
E_STRICT |
Run-time notices.
PHP suggest changes
to your code to help
interoperability and
compatibility of the
code |
5 |
|
4096 |
E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR |
Catchable fatal
error. This is like
an E_ERROR but can
be caught by a user
defined handle (see
also
set_error_handler()) |
5 |
|
8191 |
E_ALL |
All errors and
warnings, except of
level E_STRICT |
5 |
|
